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  • vivre
    vivre Member Posts: 2,167
    edited January 2009

    Speech was boring, but the wonderful way we transfer power in this country makes me proud to be an American.

    Rock,  I have read so much about how lack of progesterone is the cause of miscarriages. It is crazy that doctors are still oblivious to this. Thankfully you found out and have your beautiful little T.

    Rosemary, those stats on the success rate of AI's still have me flippin out. I wonder if my onc is even aware of them? Otherwise, why would she prescribe it for someone like me who is low risk and on the low end of actually being helped by these drugs? It seems crazy to tell someone to take a drug that will probably not make much difference.

    The article I noted above is more proof that this hormone balance thing may be the whole key to breast cancer prevention. The previous attempts at using synthetic hormones were a failure because they did not duplicate the effects of nautural hormones. As far as the fact that you doubt  the usefullness of hormone therapy if one is PR+, I was thinking of something that Sherri said about her hormone numbers being different. It totally makes sense because our hormone levels are changing constantly. When we are still menstrating our progesterone drops at the end of our cycles which cause us to bleed. Our hormones are always fluctuatating, so the test could very well be effected by when it is done. When we are pregnant, our estrogens get really high. Maybe this is why some young women get cancer with pregnancy. Our hormones go crazy as we begin menopause, going up and down, causing all sorts of problems from hot flashes to depression. Perhaps this is why we get cancer before and after menopause. After menopause, our progesterone drops to nothing, which is why we are estrogen dominant, even when our ovaries are no longer producing much estrogen. It is all about the inbalance of our estrogens! I had a slow growing tumor, so maybe I was PR- because I was already in menopause. The cancer could have started before I reached menopause. Women who are pre menopause would still be producing some progesterone. Diet also would effect our estrogen levels. We know that some foods are estrogenic so if we are consuming those foods at different levels, this will affect our estrogen levels. This is why they recommend saliva tests for pre menopausal women and blood tests for menopausal women to check estrogen levels. The saliva test needs to be done throughout the cycle to get a more accurate reading. So if they test our tumors once for hormones, maybe the result is should not be considered so significant. The blood test is okay to use after menopause because our hormone levels are more stable. But we are so estrogen dominant still ,even though our estrogen numbers are lower, because we are not producing any progesterone at all.

    The more I read, the more I am beginning to feel excited about all this news. Imagine if this is the key to preventing cancers in general?

    I  still think that it is horrible that women are being put on estrogen blocking drugs. It is like throwing out the baby with the bathwater. We need estrogens to thrive. They keep our bones and muscles from dying, they keep our hearts pumping, and they keep our brains from turning to mush. They are now thinking that alzheimer's may be because of hormone loss. Taking out our estrogens is causing pre mature aging. That is why everyone who takes this drugs complain that they feel so old all of a sudden. There is only one bad form of estrogen, I always get this mixed up but I think it is estriole. The AI's imhibit all of them however. The reason I prefer to take I3C is because it does not effect the hormone levels much, but it does help to keep the estrogens from binding with cancer cells. After 6 months on I3C, only 100 mg a day, my hormone binding protein number went from 69 to 11! They are now touting the success of this finding by telling us all to eat broccoli everyday, which is what I3C comes from. I still eat my broccoli, but it is hard to get enough veggies in the winter so I rely on my supplements.

    I am going to continue to obsess about this whole thing and keep looking for the truth. It really has me excited and optimistic about the future!

  • Anonymous
    Anonymous Member Posts: 1,376
    edited January 2009

    Vivre, I am bad ... I have been off my AI's for a few weeks now ... went to re-order and my scrip needs to be renewed.  But I now have no bone pain, don't feel so bloated ..  What is the l3C is that Omega fish oil?  I am taking that regularly again with Vit D and a multi Vit....

  • Rosemary44
    Rosemary44 Member Posts: 2,660
    edited January 2009

    Vivre,

    Until they can explain why our tumors uptake estrogen and progesterone (for some)  for their survival and growth, we will be stuck with serms.  Which happen to work, but again, not for everyone.  So far my friends who have breast cancer, only one got it back.  I don't know which drug she used.  The odds are more favorable for us to take the drug, then not, but it is according to our dx as we see.  They are researching it. Also, It looks like antiprogesterin looks promising.  We'll have to keep an eye on those developments. 

  • pinoideae
    pinoideae Member Posts: 1,271
    edited January 2009

    Estrogen is an important metabolic hormone.  It is very important for cardiac and vasuclar health.

    Estrogen is very important for cardiac and vascular health. Lack of estrogen is believed to be why statistics for male mortality due to cardiovascular disease are so much higher than those of premenopausal women, even though researchers are having a difficult time pinning down the exact mechanisms. In postmenopausal women, cardiovascular disease becomes the leading cause (30-50%) of death. Surgical menopause increases the risk of heart attack seven-fold. Although the risk of clots and strokes may rise in the first year of use (there are mixed research results on this), adequate estrogen levels have been shown to decrease both heart attacks and strokes by 25-50% and deaths due to them by 50%. Some of the reasons for this include estrogen's effects of lowering blood pressure and relaxing the walls of arteries, improving cardiac output, and decreasing fibrinogen (one of the proteins that creates blood clots) levels. Estrogen also may lower your cholesterol level and improve the balance of blood lipids (this may depend upon the type of HRT you use, however). Estrogen also lowers c-reactive protein, which may correlate to lower risk of cardiovascular disease.

    Estrogen has many other effects on the brain than vascular. Research has yet to identify the exact mechanism, but women who supplement estrogen after natural menopause seem to show lowered incidence or later onset of Alzheimer's disease. New research also indicates that the severity of Parkinson's disease may be affected by estrogen levels.

    Estrogen shares some brain receptors with serotonin, another hormone that affects mood. This may be why depression is a common result of low estrogen: if estrogen is not available to fill some of those receptors, serotonin supplies may not be adequate to maintain moods. This interrelationship is at least partially supported by the effectiveness of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, or SSRI, antidepressants in treating other menopausal complaints such as hot flashes.

    Estrogen seems to be somehow linked to memory itself, especially verbal memory. Women with low estrogen frequently complain of feeling "foggy," losing track of their thoughts, words, objects, or blocks of knowledge such as how to get from one location to another. Nouns are particular victims of this process, leading to those helpless conversational fumblings that are one of the hallmarks of menopausal women. That this is a transmission problem is indicated by the recovery of this "lost" information and capability once estrogen levels are restored.

    Estrogen affects the nervous system through boosting quantities of neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine and glutamate. These neurotransmitters affect mood stability and irritability as well as overall energy levels. While excesses become of interest when we are talking about balancing an excess of estrogen, deficiency can be related to a sluggishness often written off to "getting old and slowing down" or maybe just "you're depressed about your hyst and need to get over it."

    One of the most widely-recognized effects of estrogen is in the prevention of the bone wastage known as osteoporosis. Without estrogen, calcium is lost from the bones and not replaced, leading to weakened bones that break easily and heal poorly. After menopause, bones lose roughly 3% of their mass per year for the first five years and then about 1-2% a year. 250,000-300,000 women are hospitalized annually for osteoporosis-related broken bones, and 20% of those women die within the next month. This isn't just a matter of dowager's hump or broken hips: bone loss from the jaws is a major cause of tooth loss in postmenopausal women. Maintaining adequate estrogen levels is shown to prevent or diminish calcium loss from bones and the resulting osteoporosis, although it's not the sole factor required for healthy bone maintenance. We've found several online risk evaluation tools (one, another) that you might find useful in evaluating your own personal risk level.

    Vision is another system that is impaired by lowered estrogen levels. Eye shape changes as hormone levels do, which can affect your need for correction and the fit of your contact lenses. Dry eyes are a frequent effect of low estrogen. This is such a widespread problem that contact lens manufacturers are developing new lens materials to conserve moisture in response to the growing postmenopausal market. Macular degeneration, in which the center of the visual field deteriorates, cannot be treated and is the most common visual disaster in the elderly. Maintaining adequate estrogen levels causes a 60% reduction of its occurrence. Cataracts at the front of the lens are less of a risk when estrogen is maintained; back of the lens cataracts do not seem to be affected.

    Although it may seem trivial in comparison to other systems affected by hormone levels, the connection between estrogen levels and hair growth and texture has nonetheless the potential to cause considerable anguish. Estrogen has a known effect on the life span of a given hair, such that drops in estrogen can shorten the life of the hair and cause it to fall out. When you have a whole head of hair reacting to the catastrophic loss of hormones at the onset of surgical menopause, the results can be near-baldness or at least very worrisome extent of hair loss. Typically, the hair regrows in a few months (barring subsequent hormonal instability) and the situation is resolved. Additionally, low estrogen opens the door to a relative testosterone dominance that brings with it conversion to a form of testosterone that causes male pattern baldness. High estrogen, on the other hand, decreases levels of certain nutrients (B vitamins and magnesium, especially) that are necessary to manufacture hair. Low thyroid hormone, which is related to high estrogen levels, can also cause hair to become brittle and thin.

  • pinoideae
    pinoideae Member Posts: 1,271
    edited January 2009

    Lowered levels of estrogen are also linked to impairment of the immune system. The body's defensive cells are less active and infection-killing measures are less toxic to invading bacteria and viruses. Altogether, a woman with lowered estrogen levels is more susceptible to infection and less able to fight off infection once she's ill.

    Estrogen interacts with a number of other hormones in ways that can also have wide-spread effects. For example, it binds thyroid hormone, so that levels of estrogen can influence bioavailable levels of thyroid hormone, and hence one's whole metabolism. In fact, all menopausal women should be tested for thyroid adequacy, since alterations in ovarian hormones can push you over the edge into needing to supplement thyroid (note that it's the alteration in underlying hormone levels, not the taking of HRT per se that does this). Estrogen also plays an important role in insulin-sensitivity. Insulin is the hormone that moves glucose into cells, so that cells are nourished with energy to carry out their functions. Without enough estrogen, glucose metabolism is impeded.

    Cancer is one of the big fears that deters women from using estrogen. Unless you carry the breast cancer gene or have had breast cancer in the past, however, your risks of developing cancer are much much lower than that of dying from one of the conditions that results from lowered estrogen. In fact, simple lifestyle choices are riskier: your chance of developing breast cancer are higher if you are obese or drink too much alcohol than if you take HRT. Additionally, estrogen seems more to accelerate development (and discovery) of breast cancer than actually cause it, and when it occurs, it is generally of a more treatable, less aggressive variety. On the other hand, increased breast density caused by estrogen means that mammograms are more necessary and must be more carefully read to detect cancers in women with good estrogen levels. You can calculate your personal risks of breast cancer with this tool from the National Cancer Institute.

    One sure cancer that estrogen's stimulation of the endometrium (lining of the uterus) is proven to cause is endometrial cancer. Fortunately, by mimicking the natural combination of estrogen plus progesterone, that cancer-causing tendency is squelched when using combined HRT. While women who have had a hyst may think themselves thus immune to this risk, having no endometrium any longer, that may not in fact be the case. Endometriosis sufferers (endometriosis is a disease in which bits of the endometrium escape from the uterus and seed themselves throughout the abdominal cavity) may continue to need progesterone to keep remaining bits of scattered endometrial tissue from turning cancerous. Women in surgical menopause who still have a uterus also carry a special vulnerability to endometrial cancer if they do not protect their uterus from excessive estrogen as well.

    Melanoma, an especially malignant form of skin cancer, is also known to be affected by estrogen. While HRT has been shown in some small studies to slightly increase the risk of melanoma, that risk remains well below the risks due to osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease posed by the consequences of low estrogen levels. As with breast cancer, however, this is a cancer in which lifestyle and familial tendencies must be taken into account in risk assessment. At this point, we don't have enough information (and we're not sure it's out there) to accurately judge this risk. The risk of melanoma itself, outside of the familial, is clearly related to sun exposure but is also related to lowered immune function.

    On the good news side of the cancer/estrogen equation, however, colon cancer risks are considered to be lowered by estrogen. Since this is the fourth most common cancer and the second most deadly, this is some counterbalance for other risks.

    Before leaving the question of cancer, we want to point out some developments in medical as well as public perceptions of hormones that have occurred in the recent past. There was considerable uproar following news coverage in Dec. 2000 of the inclusion of estrogen on the National Institutes of Health list of cancer-causing agents. This was based primarily on the well-documented association between estrogen and endometrial cancer, with breast cancer cited as a lesser association. Since the endometrial cancer risk is so well dealt with by the addition of progesterone (or similar agents called progestins), this is not considered a reason to avoid its use.

    And then in the summer of 2002, cancelation of the Woman's Health Initiative study, which studied Prempro in a large number of considerably-post-menopausal women, due to levels of breast cancer above the study's allowable, led to widespread panic that estrogen was "too dangerous." Subsequent discussion and followup testing has indicated that the culprit in the study results is more likely to have been the particular sythetic progestin, Provera, that was used in the study rather than estrogen itself, and that the study population selection may not have been the best to obtain results that can be generalized to younger populations of women.

    As for breast cancer, we can only reiterate that this is a matter for personal evaluation and weighing of relative personal risks.

  • lvtwoqlt
    lvtwoqlt Member Posts: 6,162
    edited January 2009

    rock to answer your question about I3C it is found in leafy green vegetables: cabbage, broccoli and such.

    Sheila

  • Anonymous
    Anonymous Member Posts: 1,376
    edited January 2009

    I guess there was speculation that Rick Warren was not going to invoke the name of Jesus in his prayer .. boy did he and in multiple languages!  Here's an article BEFORE the actual event.

    ----------

    So, Rick Warren is going to use the name of Jesus in his prayer, and his prayer may not reflect the views of all Americans. So what?

    Obama's speech probably won't reflect the views of McCain voters, and the prayer of Bishop Eugene Robinson, the nation's first openly gay Episcopal Bishop may not reflect the views of many Americans either. That's what makes America great. Everybody gets to speak their minds and not worry about about having to perfectly reflect the views of people who disagree with them.

    I hope Bishop Robinson follows Warren's lead and prays the way he wants to and not the way others want him to, and in a manner that is reflective of his views and not the views of those he may disagree with. Why should any of us be in the business of telling ministers, or any American, how to practice their religion or what to say to their God?

  • sahalie
    sahalie Member Posts: 2,147
    edited January 2009

    Ditto re: the gas.  Filled her up and slam bam had to pay.  What up?

    Big ploy today worked!  Went to get my labs done and Voila' maybe six people which is never ever the case.  I'm talkin Kaiser here.

    I was in and out and off to the gas station, Whole Foods for a whole lotta money and back to watch the day in DC. 

    It was a beautiful day there today. 

    P. Es.  Labs were normal.  Where's my confetti?

  • ibcspouse
    ibcspouse Member Posts: 613
    edited January 2009

    Only got to see bits and pieces of today.  Cam had labs at 12 ET and then Chemo right after.  No one was talking about the "Event"

  • sahalie
    sahalie Member Posts: 2,147
    edited January 2009

    I can see it Sherri.  Thanks. 

    And yes on the food payments.  Painful yes but at least I have munchies back in the cupboard. 

    Spouse.  No mention at the big K either.  Of course I just wanted the quik trip in and out.

  • pzl
    pzl Member Posts: 36
    edited January 2009

    Sherri:

     Well, darn!  I went out and filled up my car and STILL had to pay for it?

    You misunderstood, it was a credit on your CC and not a charge. Right after  noon drivers are getting money for buying gas Smile 

  • Anonymous
    Anonymous Member Posts: 1,376
    edited January 2009

    You said big K and here I go thinking Super K-Mart!  LOL ..

    -------------

    Maybe by the time I get off work gas will be free? 

    Now how could the Dow sink today? I thought our economy was going to turn around today!

    ------------

    I thought MO's dress was ok ... but hated the gloves, eww the color was awful.  The kids looked cute and age appropriate .. I bet they are excited!! 

  • sahalie
    sahalie Member Posts: 2,147
    edited January 2009

    Memo from the newly polished desk of BO to the US of A.

    "It's gonna take a while" 

    Love and donate,

    The Prez.

  • Anonymous
    Anonymous Member Posts: 1,376
    edited January 2009

    Saddleback is affiliated with the Southern Baptists .. .but it's a "megachurch" ... over 20,000.  I looked it up online and in Wikipedia it says its denomination is Evangelical Christian ..and it does belong to the Southern Baptist Convention ... but it sure isn't like the one my grandmother used to attend in SF ...  the radio programs are awesome. It is very inspirational and the topics are very modern -- you can use the sermon in your everyday life.

    I attend Crossroads alot and it has 5000 every Sunday so it's considered a megachurch, too. The campus is awesome, very much like Saddleback's....sometimes I get lazy though and go to the Catholic church by my house, it's close and Mass is way shorter. But my Pumpkin likes going to Crossroads much better. 

  • sahalie
    sahalie Member Posts: 2,147
    edited January 2009

    What a breath of fresh air speech Pres. G. Bush is giving at this very time at his Welcome Home Rally in Texas.

    He looks really happy! 

    Thank you Pres. Bush for everything and keeping us safe. 

    It's great to see how happy he sounds and looks. 

  • Rosemary44
    Rosemary44 Member Posts: 2,660
    edited January 2009

    Sherri,

    That was a laugh out loud.   Ok, your joking, right?  We still have to pay our mortgages, and gas?  The outrage. 

  • Anonymous
    Anonymous Member Posts: 1,376
    edited January 2009

    Sherri, you crack me up!!!!!!  woohoo?

  • Anonymous
    Anonymous Member Posts: 1,376
    edited January 2009

    Bonnie, I'm still grounded.  Frown  I jumped the gun thinking I wasn't. LOL  I looked back at my emails from the mods and they were all on the 15th (three of them..thought it took more to bet put on restriction).  And thanks for your kind words.  I have watched the whole event except for the parade..they bore me.

    Right now I'm glowing with pride listening to our Former President Bush at his welcome home rally.  I know many people won't understand why some of us are so proud of him.  Right now he's cracking his jokes.  One must agree he has a great sense of humor.  He's gonna get up and take Laura coffee.  He said he told Laura he's looking forward to her cooking again..sort of.  She said she's looking forward to him mowing the lawn and taking out the trash..LOL  Ha!  We know better!

    Yes, we all want this president to succeed.  If we didn't what kind of Americans would we be?

    Shirley

  • Anonymous
    Anonymous Member Posts: 1,376
    edited January 2009

    It seems to me that those two, like MOO and BOO, have a real marriage .. unlike the Clintons!

    ----------

    Dr Jill Biden looked great today. Everytime I see her, I think she looks fantastic. Great figure. Great style.  Love that she wore pants the other day to the concert. Smart cookie.  The boots looked good today in the cold.

  • Anonymous
    Anonymous Member Posts: 1,376
    edited January 2009

    Love ya to ALL the Bushes!

    We haven't been out of the house.  Vivre, it's only 27 and cold...brrrrrrrrrr..and it snowed.  We got so excited to see the snow.  Big flakes were coming down.  Some stuck, but not enough snow.  I'm sure the kids that were out of school today enjoyed the little snow...LOL  I hope they found enough snow to build a snowman.

    I loved Rev Warren's prayer.  It was more inspirational than THE speech.  Warren put his "all" into that prayer.  My dd is a Presbytarian and in their sunday school classes they have used his books.  So, even BAPTIST aren't so bad...I'M A BAPTIST..THANK YOU!

    I guess the Obama's are really getting tired by now.  I heard he planned on being home by 11.  Michelle looked bored at the parade..looked like she was saying...can we get this over with ALREADY!  I also heard he's not a morning person.  Is that why he was late for church this morning?  LOL

    The girls looked adorable. 

    "Bout all I got to say about that right now!  Gotta save some room for more posts..heck this edict will probably cound as a post.  That's okay. 

    Shirley

  • ibcspouse
    ibcspouse Member Posts: 613
    edited January 2009

    I will post on the other thread when I have a personal positive story that I believe they will enjoy.  I spoke of my MIL rising from her death bed to call and rub in the fact that President Obama won, I gave a backstory of why an integrated prom in Charleston MS has a much larger social significance.  But a mentally challenged emotional deficient pretend child physiologist in her praise of bringing the country together makes such a idiotic statement of the South sucks and still does.   I give up, she can kiss my butt.

  • vivre
    vivre Member Posts: 2,167
    edited January 2009

    Summer, I loved that article on estrogens. Can you tell me where you found it so I can put it in my arsenal?

    How is the party going daff? Only in DC do folks party on a work night. I was thinking that maybe all the folks who do not have jobs are in DC, the rest of the country are working to pay for the next bailout.

    Darn I did not realize the gas was going to be free today. I filled up yesterday.

    I thought it was going to be a better day once Bama was pres. So why did the market tank today?

  • Anonymous
    Anonymous Member Posts: 1,376
    edited January 2009

    Herbie I read about that prom ........ it was the 1st integrated prom in Charlseton.  Morgan Freeman has promised for years to foot the bill for the whole thing if it would be integrated. They have refused his offer every year until this year.  Apparently, the kids had a great time!! 

    I was reading some papers and news accounts from Lincoln's era .. just sickening that people were ever slaves.  We all only have one life to live and their's sucked big time.  Their one and only time in the sun and what did they get?  Lots of times, life is not fair ...  Only God can make it right because we can't ... our future will not change our past.  Like one article said, it was not the Sin of the South, it was the Sin of a Nation -- it pointed to the fact that even though there were no slaves in the North, many slave ships were owned by NY slave traders.  You can see pictures of slaves and their children ....... and read how laws were changed to keep people in slavery. 

    For all Americans, regardless of political beliefs, I think that today was a day to be celebrated and not mourned. Tomorrow we can complain about Democratic party ideals.  Now talking about poor fashion choices ...  still can't get the green gloves and shoes out of my mind.

  • sue_blue
    sue_blue Member Posts: 416
    edited January 2009

    Even Bill O'Reilly wasn't going to disparage Obama today, he said he would save that for tomorrow.

    In the spirit of unity, it is sad he didn't mention his white relatives. 

  • Rosemary44
    Rosemary44 Member Posts: 2,660
    edited January 2009

    The other shame that went on today, is the booing of Pres. Bush and his wife, and the Cheney's.  Some were singing, the na na na, hey hey goodbye song.  How they can ruin a day.  If anything, it charges us up for the next election and get some seats back in Congress.

  • Anonymous
    Anonymous Member Posts: 1,376
    edited January 2009

    What I think was HORRIBLE by some in the crowd was they booed the Bushes, Cheneys..why?  Especially the women.  Laura Bush has done so much for the good of women AND breast cancer.  I'm sick of the double standard.  The Bushes have been gracious and gone out of their way to GET out of the Obama's way.  Geez, someone could at least give them kudos for the kind things they have done!

    I'm sorry about this country having slaves.  I'm sorry that slavery still exists even in Africa.  I cannot change history.  I can only treat all people equally.  Because President Obama has a different color of skin that I do is not the reason I didn't vote for him.  I don't think he has the experience.  I don't like his policies.  I strongly disagree with him on late term abortion.  I hope he and his family the best..especially those adorable children of his.

    Now it's time to sit back and see what happens.  President Bush is no longer the NOW president..there's only one president at a time (Obama).  So, get over it and let President Obama do what he was elected to do.  And God forbid, he makes a mistake.

    Shirley

  • pzl
    pzl Member Posts: 36
    edited January 2009

    I was driving in the afternoon today and Mark Levin (conservative talk radio host) was playing clips from Reagan nomination speech. Remember he came after that disaster of Carter's administration : high inflation and unemployment. What a difference between his speech and Obama's.

    The gist of it was that America is the greatest  coutnry and Americans are very productive and capable people and he as a President believed that the best thing his administration could  do for the country was to reduce governemnt involvement and remove the roadblocks that prevent Americans from fully realizing their potential.

    I actually got emotional listening to his speech which is more than I can say about Obama that kinds of felt flat.

  • ibcspouse
    ibcspouse Member Posts: 613
    edited January 2009

    Rock, the significance of it being Charleston MS has to do with that is where Emmitt Till, a young black teenager visiting from Chicago, was brutally murdered for talking to a white woman.  The murderers were acquitted by an all white jury even though they bragged to the media about killing the boy.  In the over forty years since, the towns there and around now have black mayors, police chiefs the congressman from that district is black.  There are parks and highways named to honor Emmitt.  We have made more strides toward respect for all than anywhere is the nation.  We had so far to go.  It makes me mad to be told we suck, on a day the country should unite

  • pzl
    pzl Member Posts: 36
    edited January 2009

    ibcspouse,

    We all know the progress that has been made everywhere in the country. But it will never be good enough for the liberals who see evil white men as the root of all the evil.

    Sorry I should have said "well educated open-minded" individualsSmile and not just liberals,. Obviously those of us who are not liberals are simply either not well educated or have a close mind.

  • Godsgal
    Godsgal Member Posts: 203
    edited January 2009

    W  T  F   ...George Bush Pardons Osama Bin Ladin....

    HUMMMMMMMMMM...  I Wonder why ?

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