Predict LE with genes that promote inflammation
This just came out--it shows that those of us who have a robust inflammation response are more likely to get LE--other studies have shown that those of us who share some genes with primary LE are far more likely to get LE--the Finegold work out of Pittsburgh.
There is a wonderful blog on breast cancer (IMO), called Nancy's point,http://nancyspoint.com/ where she writes "Share, don't compare"--the genetics of LE is a large part of why some women can get away with out getting it, no matter what they do, and others of us got it with minimal insult.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24502445
Lymphat Res Biol. 2014 Feb 6. [Epub ahead of print]
Cytokine Candidate Genes Predict the Development of Secondary Lymphedema Following Breast Cancer Surgery.
Leung G1, Baggott C, West C, Elboim C, Paul SM, Cooper BA, Abrams G, Dhruva A, Schmidt BL, Kober K, Merriman JD, Leutwyler H, Neuhaus J, Langford D, Smoot BJ, Aouizerat BE, Miaskowski C.
Author information
Abstract
Abstract Background: Lymphedema (LE) is a frequent complication following breast cancer
treatment. While progress is being made in the identification of
phenotypic risk factors for the development of LE, little information is
available on the molecular characterization of LE. The purpose of this
study was to determine if variations in pro- and anti-inflammatory
cytokine genes were associated with LE following breast cancer treatment. Methods and Results: Breast cancer
patients completed a number of self-report questionnaires. LE was
evaluated using bioimpedance spectroscopy. Genotyping was done using a
custom genotyping array. No differences were found between patients with
(n=155) and without LE (n=387) for the majority of the demographic and
clinical characteristics. Patients with LE had a significantly higher
body mass index, more advanced disease, and a higher number of lymph
nodes removed. Genetic associations were identified for three genes
(i.e., interleukin (IL4) 4 (rs2227284), IL 10 (rs1518111), and nuclear
kappa factor beta 2 (NFKB2 (rs1056890)) associated with inflammatory
responses. Conclusions: These genetic associations suggest a role for a
number of pro- and anti-inflammatory genes in the development of LE
following breast cancer treatment.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22351697
Clin Cancer Res. 2012 Apr 15;18(8):2382-90. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-11-2303. Epub 2012 Feb 20.
Connexin 47 mutations increase risk for secondary lymphedema following breast cancer treatment.
Finegold DN1, Baty CJ, Knickelbein KZ, Perschke S, Noon SE, Campbell D, Karlsson JM, Huang D, Kimak MA, Lawrence EC, Feingold E, Meriney SD, Brufsky AM, Ferrell RE.
Author information
Abstract
PURPOSE:
Secondary lymphedema
is a frequent complication of breast cancer associated with surgery,
chemotherapy, or radiation following breast cancer treatment. The
potential contribution of genetic susceptibility to risk of developing
secondary lymphedema following surgical trauma, radiation, and other tissue insults has not been studied.
EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN:
To determine whether women with breast cancer and secondary lymphedema had mutations in candidate lymphedema
genes, we undertook a case-control study of 188 women diagnosed with
breast cancer recruited from the University of Pittsburgh Breast Cancer
Program (http://www.upmccancercenter.com/breast/index.cfm) between 2000
and 2010. Candidate lymphedema
genes, GJC2 (encoding connexin 47 [Cx47]), FOXC2, HGF, MET, and FLT4
(encoding VEGFR3), were sequenced for mutation. Bioinformatics analysis
and in vitro functional assays were used to confirm significance of
novel mutations.
RESULTS:
Cx47 mutations were identified in individuals having secondary lymphedema
following breast cancer treatment but not in breast cancer controls or
normal women without breast cancer. These novel mutations are
dysfunctional as assessed through in vitro assays and bioinformatics
analysis and provide evidence that altered gap junction function leads
to lymphedema.
CONCLUSIONS:
Our findings challenge the view that secondary lymphedema
is solely due to mechanical trauma and support the hypothesis that
genetic susceptibility is an important risk factor for secondary lymphedema.
A priori recognition of genetic risk (i) raises the potential for early
detection and intervention for a high-risk group and (ii) allows the
possibility of altering surgical approach and/or chemo- and radiation
therapy, or direct medical treatment of secondary lymphedema with novel connexin-modifying drugs.
Comments
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Kira, thank you for always being on top of the LE news!
Now, if we could just develop some simple, painless, non-invasive tests to determine before BC treatment exactly who's dealing with these confounded genes, and then counteract the effect to prevent the LE. Aaaaaaaahhh!
Someday!
Binney -
Binney, Rockson is always testing ketoprofen, but it doesn't seem like a "cure". And as we've discussed, payment in medicine is for procedures--not thinking, so I'm not surprised at the surgeons finding their way into LE.
As we also discussed, any surgeon can do any surgery, and insurance will start to pay for it, once it's determined not to be experimental. A few years ago, when LVA was still considered experimental, I talked to one of the main surgeons and he said it was not a cure.
Funny how that's changed.
Several years ago, there was a great study where patients were told they were going to get arthroscopic clean out surgery for arthritis, and all were taken to the OR, all were put to sleep and everyone got a scar, but only half got surgery. And there was NO difference. And yet the surgery is still being done, and still paid for.
And searching pubmed, there's a similar study from last year--in New England Journal
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24369076
N Engl J Med. 2013 Dec 26;369(26):2515-24. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1305189.
Arthroscopic partial meniscectomy versus sham surgery for a degenerative meniscal tear.
Sihvonen R1, Paavola M, Malmivaara A, Itälä A, Joukainen A, Nurmi H, Kalske J, Järvinen TL; Finnish Degenerative Meniscal Lesion Study (FIDELITY) Group.
Collaborators (9)
Author information
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Arthroscopic partial meniscectomy is one of the most common orthopedic procedures, yet rigorous evidence of its efficacy is lacking.
METHODS:
We conducted a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trial in 146 patients 35 to 65 years of age who had knee symptoms consistent with a degenerative medial meniscus tear and no knee osteoarthritis. Patients were randomly assigned to arthroscopic partial meniscectomy or sham surgery.
The primary outcomes were changes in the Lysholm and Western Ontario
Meniscal Evaluation Tool (WOMET) scores (each ranging from 0 to 100,
with lower scores indicating more severe symptoms) and in knee pain after exercise (rated on a scale from 0 to 10, with 0 denoting no pain) at 12 months after the procedure.RESULTS:
In
the intention-to-treat analysis, there were no significant
between-group differences in the change from baseline to 12 months in
any primary outcome. The mean changes (improvements) in the primary
outcome measures were as follows: Lysholm score, 21.7 points in the
partial-meniscectomy group as compared with 23.3 points in the sham-surgery
group (between-group difference, -1.6 points; 95% confidence interval
[CI], -7.2 to 4.0); WOMET score, 24.6 and 27.1 points, respectively
(between-group difference, -2.5 points; 95% CI, -9.2 to 4.1); and score
for knee pain
after exercise, 3.1 and 3.3 points, respectively (between-group
difference, -0.1; 95% CI, -0.9 to 0.7). There were no significant
differences between groups in the number of patients who required
subsequent knee surgery (two in the partial-meniscectomy group and five in the sham-surgery group) or serious adverse events (one and zero, respectively).CONCLUSIONS:
In this trial involving patients without knee
osteoarthritis but with symptoms of a degenerative medial meniscus
tear, the outcomes after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy were no
better than those after a sham surgical procedure. (Funded by the Sigrid Juselius Foundation and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00549172.).Look, we all want a cure for this, and brave people are putting themselves out there as essentially guinea pigs, but a surgical mentality is not to establish long term relationships with patients.
Hopefully as we understand risks and eliminate unneccesary risks in treatment--like less ALND, more careful radiation planning, awareness of the risks of chemo and LE, careful handling of the tissues in surgery, careful post op instructions and if we can identify high risk people early--we can make the burden of LE far less.
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Kira , I wonder then if those of us taking statins long-term are not supposed to have LE. Isn't the point of that class of drugs to reduce inflammation and the inflammatory response?
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Carol, if only it was that simple. When Rockson was still talking to me, he told me that ibuprofen made people swell, but ketoprofen did not. Both are anti-inflammatory agents.
Statins do seem to have both long term benefits and some harms--raise glucose levels, muscular issues, and ?cognitive issues.
And the long awaited newest lipid guidelines came out to huge controversy--the risk calculator seems flawed....
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For what it is worth, about a year and a half ago, the physiatrist I was seeing for LE put me on high dose corticosteroids for 5 days for a reason unrelated to LE. I had been struggling with a bad flare for many months and, at the point I was put on steroids, my LE was pretty unstable ... I had to be ultra-careful about everything and could only wear garments for 6 or 8 hours before having to wrap. Given that many people swell on steroids, I was worried my LE would go wild, but the opposite happened
Day 3 of steroids, I could see my knuckles and bend my pinky for the first time in 10 months. The doc was shocked at the improvement and said something like "LE isn't just a plumbing problem ... it's about inflammation." Since then, my LE has been easier to manage. Maybe it wasn't the steroids, but the timing sure seemed like it was. KS1
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KS1, that's so interesting that the steroids turned it around. I remember how stubborn it was. It isn't just a plumbing problem.
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thanks for posting. i had 35 nodes removed....i am very concern about my poor arm.
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kira, you seem to be up to date on cutting edge research. Are there any studies abut whether naprosyn helps LE (like ketoprofen) or worsens it (like ibuprofen)? (I'm not that computer search savvy, haven't found that myself). Thanks
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I was wondering about the Naproxen as well. Sometimes the ache in my upper arm and breast at days end is bad, and I need something for pain. Ibuprofen tears up my stomach.
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has anyone tried ketoprofen? I'm thinking of asking my doctor to prescribe it for me. I'm so sick of this LE it's getting worse.
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Over my head, does this have something to do with people who have auto-immune conditions such as psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, MS etc. and a link with LE?
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Bumpes to ask of anyone else has tried ketoprofen with success. I too would like to try. My LE is pretty mild but it's in both arms.
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