The Fungal Theory
Comments
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Janeluvsdogs, Hi... and AMEN!!
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thenewme, It's truly good to see you back here. You will either learn something new by being here or I will learn something by your being here so either way, it's a good thing.
I am assuming that your are referring to TImothy's post on November 14, listing all the things we've learned and discussed about fungus and cancer. Maybe you should re-read that post as Timothy says nothing about there "actually being a lot of different theories in this thread." (your quote)
You wrote: "The facts as I understand them (and pleasefeel free to share if I'm wrong) are that yes-fungus is present in a lot of cancer patients and healthy people too. Yes, some specific viruses and mycotoxins are known to be carcinogenic. Viruses, yeast, bacteria, etc are opportunistic infections, to which a cancer patient is obviously susceptible."
See? You really are learning along with the rest of us.
Can you please point out which post(s) motheroffoursons has "pointed out the microscopic distinction between cancer cells and fungus"? That is a question I have struggled with....How can doctors, pathologists, scientists not see it's fungus? I'm beginning to understand but maybe her posts can help. I just cant seem to find them.
You ask: "Why on earth would we, in general a group of nonmedical, untrained except by virtue of being thrown into this cancer world, PATIENTS presume to know more than all the researchers and medical doctors and pathologists, etc.? "
I think Barry answered that question. Because doctors, etc. were not trained to look for fungus, in her case, candida. They wanted to treat her for heartburn for heavens sake!!!! I have the utmost respect for those who have completed med school and gone on to become doctors, especially those in acute medicine. Having said that, I think we have a long way to go in terms of chronic disorders. These brilliant men and women are taught or as you say "trained", not learned, there's a difference. We can "train" monkeys too. We just we show them the way we want something done enough times and they can do it.
You: "My personal opinion on this topic is that it's nonsense quackery. "Dr." Robert Young, Dr. Tulio Simoncini, and Doug Kaufmann are all charlatans whose nonsense has been rejected and disproven (not just UNproven) by science and medical research many times over."
It is your "personal opinion" that these men's theories have been disproven or do you have scientific evidence? Not sure what you are saying here. If it's opinion, you need not state that because I think we know where you stand. If it has been disproven, please reference that statement so we can all gain such knowledge. I tried to come to that conclusion early on and could find nothing refutable.
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Julia, crunchy poodle..just wanted you to know, I'm sending lots of prayers your way. I hope your surgery goes fine. Look forward to hearing from you. God Bless E B
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Can the lack of bowel movements a day cause yeast in the gut to fester or grow? I'm not sure, but my gut says yes. I know of someone who had only had a few bowel movements a week and yeast problems. Once she had daily movements, her yeast problems disappeared.
Diagnosis: 11/27/2008, DCIS, Stage 0, Grade 3, 0/2 nodes, ER+/PR+, HER2+
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Oh my. I don't even know where to begin. I'm not usually at a loss for words, but wow, this thread did it.
Not to worry, this will be my last post on this thread, even if I'm "dared" to come back and muddle your "independent scholarly research" with facts.
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"Not to worry, this will be my last post on this thread, even if I'm "dared" to come back and muddle your "independent scholarly research" with facts.
LOL, facts? What facts? I asked for facts but got nothing.
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I agree! If you connect the dots it seems that cancer and fungus are one in the same. I'm open. If someone can show me otherwise then I'll gladly change my position on the fungus theory. I still have a few questions that need to be answered before fully embracing this theory...but hey, it sure looks like it could be.
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N REGARD TO CHLORINE & FLUORIDE
Chlorine is added to the water supply of the US to kill parasites, microbes, and bad bacteria present in our drinking water supply. But when you drink this water directly from your tap, the chlorine kills the good bacteria in your intestines. To chlorine, bacteria is bacteria, it doesn't know the difference from good or bad.
Fluoride also is a cause of yeast infection and killer of, not only intestinal bacteria, but also enzymes, which are the building blocks of all life and work on the cellular DNA level, as well as in the process of digestion and immune system health. -
Dr. E. Chester Ridgway, the University of Colorado's chief endocrinologist, believe that as many as 70% of Americans are now hypothyroid. How could this be? We have pointed out several factors which could contribute to this epidemic, such as the use of fluoride and chlorine, both of which suppress thyroid function. However, we have recently come to suspect that "the yeast beast" plays a leading role in hypothyroidism. Cold hands and feet, for example, are a common symptom of candidiasis,
yet on a blood test the person will have a perfectly normal thyroid level. Further examination will show that the patient has a wide array of hypothyroid symptoms. Thyroid tests may be normal, but thyroid function, therefore is clearly not.
http://www.greenwillowtree.com/Page.bok?file=candida_art.html -
Yeast such as Candida is commonly found in various parts of the body. What typically causes an overgrowth is an imbalance (such as might be caused by self-medicating with supplements) or a weakened immune system (that keeps normal populations in check).
Personally, Barry, you'd do well to discontinue all the flippin supplements and let your body detox from them for a year. Then see if you keep getting yeast infections.
The medical establishment has a saying: when you hear hoofbeats, don't think zebras. Seems like some people hear hoofbeats and think "Unicorns!"
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LJ13-2, That's the most ridiculous thing I've heard. Self medicating and supplements cause yeast infections? Here's a well known fact for you...antibiotics and other meds, prescribed by our well meaning doctors, cause imbalance and therefore yeast infections, not vitamins and supplements.
I dont know about you but if I have a mystery ailment, I hope my doctors look for the zebra in that herd because no one's yet found the cure amongst their horses.
Maybe that's what's wrong with the medical establishment today, they're always looking for horses. Maybe it will take a herd of zebras to run them and you over before you'll all get it.
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Barry, do you know if candida can colonize on the thyroid? My friend with Grave's disease had an endocrinologist who said the antibodies were caused by an infection. And that would resolve. He was right. The infection ran its course. Tho he kept a close eye on her.
I assumed the infection was bacterial but maybe it was fungal.
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INFLAMMATION....Someone started a thread called "Breast inflammation is the key to cancer growth." I commented over there but thought it would be good to add the topic here.
We see studies that say "INFLAMMATION LINKED TO CANCER."
Yes, but WHAT CAUSES INFLAMMATION? Of course some of us think YEAST, FUNGUS! Just out of curiosity, I went to wisegeek.com to see what they say about how yeast causes bread to rise. Here's what it says:
"Like many fungi types, yeasts for bread dough responds to warm water, which begins to bring the little cells to life. Then when exposed to sugars in bread and in flour, it begins to eat, digesting portions of these sugars. This eating process goes on for a short period of time only. Eventually the yeast will die within a few hours, especially if the dough is allowed to grow cold or exposed to too much air. Don't feel too sorry for it when you have a slice of bread, as its life would be short under any circumstances. At least by using it for bread or wine, you get to give this fungus a happy and full life."
and
"There are a few things that inhibit these microbes from their natural function. Too much salt can halt its rising action. Therefore bread dough recipes usually contain a little salt and a little sugar for balance. Shortening and animal fats can also inhibit the fungi, and you'll note that breads that have butter in them, especially salted butter may not have the same rise due to the butter's presence.
What makes people "rise" or become inflamed? Maybe yeast and sugar! What inhibits this action? Salt or sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, magnesium bicarbonate, calcium bicarbonate ) alkalinity! Animal fats or omega 3's!
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I posted this elsewhere but also thought it would be informative on this thread as well.
Here are some abstracts I found on the Pub Med website. These are antifungal drugs that have been studied and found to have possible benefit in cancer treatment.
Ketoconazole-prostate cancer
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21092758
Terbinafine-anticancer action of terbinafine in human cancer cell lines.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12794767
Griseofulvin
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18384115
Taken from wikipedia: Potential for cancer treatment (Griseofulvin)
When cancer cells divide (undergo mitosis), they use an unusual mechanism to ensure the correct genetic material is present within each of the resulting tumor cells. Laboratory experiments at the German Cancer Research Center (Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, DKFZ) show that griseofulvin causes cancer cells to fail to divide the chromosomes correctly, which eventually leads to tumor cell death. Griseofulvin does not interfere with cell division in healthy cells. The observed effect is not strong, but is significant. Griseofulvin may be combined with other treatments to improve its effectiveness and may lead to the development of more effective future drug treatments with very low toxic side effects[1].
If these drugs can be useful in treating both cancer AND fungus, could they be one and the same? Something to ponder........
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I'm somewhat amused at the statement that supplement and vitamins cause yeast infections. It is common knowledge that antibiotics can cause yeast infections, or any drug that suppresses the immune system. Doctors and those in medicine know that yeast or a fungal infection is an opportunistic disease.
I was prescribed at least four rounds of antibiotics, and in the case of eradicating H Pylori two strong antibiotics the same time. It doesn't take a lot of smarts to know that's why I had a candida infection. It was the supplements and probiotics that got rid of the yeast! -
Mollyann
you wrote ... do you know if candida can colonize on the thyroid? My friend with Grave's disease had an endocrinologist who said the antibodies were caused by an infection. And that would resolve. He was right. The infection ran its course.
Candida, as I understand moves throughout the body. I know very little about Grave's disease, so I'm not sure what infection she had. Impositive can answer this question better than I.
Although it sounds like she had an infection that was resolved either by her immune system, or perhaps some type of medicine? Not sure?
My question...was she on probiotics or any antifungal medicine at the time of the infection? If she was then for sure it was a fungal infection. -
There are a few science things I want to mention in this.
IMHO Cancer is NOT a fungus at all. Evidence for this is:
- 1. The cell walls of fungi are composed of a unique biological chemical called chitin. If there were fungal cells in a cancer tumors, this biological molecule would be found.
- 2. The morphology of candid and fungal cells is completely different than human cells. They do not look alike under a microscope. Candida cells are regularly shaped round cells. Human cells, cancer or normal, have more irregular borders due to the lack of a rigid cell wall.
- 3. Reproduction in a tumor cell and a yeast cell are completely different. The yeast cells commonly form a bump on the side of the cell that is called a bud, that will eventually split off. There is also a form where they grow in chains called hyphae. Both of these would be easily identifiable under any microscope.
- 4. Although both yeast cells and human cells undergo mitosis, there are some differences. In human cells, the cell splits into two halves, not buds. The individual steps of mitosis, including formation of the new cell membrane, can be seen through the microscope in human cells. The pathology report of BC breast tumors will have a note about mitotic divisions in determining the aggressiveness of the cancer cells. These are cells dividing in half, not budding like yeast cells. The more cells in the process of mitosis, the more aggressive the cancer.
That having been said, I do have a note. There is the possibility of metabolic products of fungi being carcinogenic. For instance, Aflatoxin B1, which is produced by the fungus Aspergillus flavus growing on stored grains, nuts and peanut butter, is an example of a potent, naturally-occurring carcinogen.
However, I do not believe that candid albicans is cancer causing for the following reasons.
- 1. Approximately 70% of the population has an overgrowth of candida somewhere on their body on mucous membranes, skin, etc. that the body is able to control it to some level. If candida caused cancer, you would find a much higher rate of cancer.
- 2. Newborn babies are exposed to candida as they exit the birth canal. Even with a weaker immune system, babies do not develop cancer.
- 3. Many infants drinking milk from a bottle develop thrush, a candida infection in the mouth. A sleeping baby with a bottle in his mouth provides a perfect incubator for yeast infections, a nice warm place, food supply, and a relatively undeveloped immune system. Most babies develop some degree of thrush in infancy.If candida was causing cancer, you would find many instances of cancer in babies.
- In conclusion, cancer is not a fungus but that does not rule out that a product of fungi metabolism can be one of the many hundreds of carcinogenic compounds. However, IMHO, the chance of candida being carcinogenic is very small.
Side Note: For an interesting connection, look up Salem Witch Trials and fungus. One theory is that the hallucinations that affected the girls were the result of a fungus in their food supply.
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motheroffoursons ... I like it that you wrote why you believe what you believe instead of just saying it's all bogus! This makes for a good discussion. I'm off to work, but look forward to looking closer at what you presented. Have a good day
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Certainly a course of antibiotics can result in a yeast overgrowth, not because it suppresses the immune system, but because it kills off the good bacteria (also) that keep the bad ones in check.
To think that supplements cannot cause harm is simple denial. If they have something in them that can affect the body, then they can affect the body NEGATIVELY as well as positively. Since the supplement industry carries on its business unregulated, and since there are no "doses" that have been established as safe and effective, plenty of people do themselves harm because they have no reliable information to go on.
I know a woman who takes 16 supplements daily under the "advice" of a naturopath. She has had issues with persistent diarrhea and has even had some neurological issues. Her doctor has told her to stop all the supplements to make sure that none are causing her issues, but irrationally, she continues with them and lets him believe that she has done what he said. No wonder conventional medicine sometimes fails. Their efforts are sabotaged by people who think they know better because they read something that sounded impressive on the internet, or someone pretending to be an authority sold them a bill of goods.
Make no mistake. Supplements are drugs. However, they are unregulated drugs whose efficacy and side effects have never been charcterized, unlike controlled drugs.
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Mollyann, yes, those in the fungus camp believe that fungus can colonize on any gland or organ within our body and also that autoimmune diseases are considered fungally linked. Common opinion with autoimmune disorders is that our immune system "attacks itself, but we dont know why". I believe our body is attacking something the doctors dont see or haven't looked for; fungus. Graves disease itself, is an autoimmune disorder.
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LJ13...I'm going to put you on my daily prayer list
If you read my previous post you would know that I see a nauturalpathic doctor, who recommended most of my supplements. She had me bring them all to her office. She knows exactly what I'm doing...where my primary doctor never asked.
What's funny is my doctor prescribed medicine that main side effects are mouth sores when I was already struggling with mouth sores. Hmmm...I was also prescribed two medicines that together could had been fatal. Fortunately, I looked up the side effects and how they worked together...as the pharmasist didn't even catch it. When my husband returned the medicine (they usually don't take back med's), they were more than willing to refund our money.
I don't hear people suing herb companies for supplement side effects, where it's common to hear people suing about drugs advertised on t.v. My goodness, we cook with most of the herbs, we are talking about, such as garlic, coconut oil, olive oil and so on...it's food for our body! -
motheroffoursons, I agree with barry, it seems you have certainly put some thought into your post, I respect and admire that. I will address each of your points with counter points so that anyone reading can come to their own conclusions.
1) Chitin-I wasn't aware that they looked for chitin in cancer cells. Perhaps that's why none has been found?
The diagnosis of fungal infection relies on a both clinical obvservation and laboratory investigation. Successful lab diagnosis depends in large part on collection of adequate specimens. Inappropriate storage or collection can result in a missed diagnosis. Also, to insure that the most appropriate lab tests are performed the clinician MUST indicate that a fungal infection is suspected. Not only that but background information must be given (ie. recent travel abroad, recent underlying illness, patient's occupation, etc.) This info will help the lab to anticipate which pathogens (fungi) are most likely be involved so that may select the most appropriate test procedures. Since there are many, many fungi, there are many different ways and tests pathologists must use to identify them. For example, some specimens can be directly examined under a microscope and identified in minutes such as skin scrapings. However keratinized tissue must be pretreated to dissolve the material to more readily reveal fungal elements. Other samples, sputum, for example, can be washed with warm 10-20% potassium hydroxide and then examined directly, without staining. Staining can also be used to identify fungus. There are many different types, lactophenol cotton blue, methylene blue, india ink, gram staining, etc. Also a chemical, calcoflour white, a compound that stains the fungal cell wall. In this case, it is stained then read under a fluorescent microscope. (The fungi appear darkly stained against a white background.) Sometimes, fungi must be cultured to be identified, however, a variety of different mediums and incubation periods must be used for different fungi so it's important the microscopist be made aware of the particular fungi so they can use the proper methods and materials. As with any microscopic exam, the experience of the microscopist is a must.
I could go on but as you can see, there is a lot involved in the identification of fungi. If the microscopist isnt told which fungi to look for, he will not find it.
2) They aren't always round. Fungi look different at different stages of their morphology or life stage and some are dimorphic so they do not always have cells walls. Example: Ascomycete Fungi- they lie dormant inside their sac/wall but under the proper conditions, they can thrive and shed it's durable sac. Without it's covering it is referred to as a "deficient form." It is now free to invade human cells and can now reproduce insidethe human cell. (This would also explain the mitotic factor you mentioned in #4 on your list-the spores are now reproducing inside the human cell.) When fungal DNA combines with DNA in a normal human cell, this forms an entirely new cell, a hybrid cell. In addition, you say human and cancer cells look irregular, due to lack of a rigid cell wall. I disagree, take a look at this link from cancer.gov.
http://visualsonline.cancer.gov/details.cfm?imageid=2512
3) I've already covered the microscopic issue.
Ok, now about mycotoxins (fungal metabolites).....
1) Fungi metabolize mycotoxins-poisons. With an overgrowth of fungus, we have tons of these poisons in our systems, therefore hindering our immune systems. Our immune systems can become overwhelmed and no longer able to fight because of these poisons. Lots of different factors can come into play. If chemicals, plastics, other poisons...all the things we know to be "carcinogenic", are also involved, this aids in our immune systems become overworked. Stress also can hinder our immunity. This is why some are able to fight it off and others aren't. You said if candida causes cancer, we would have a much higher rate of cancer. Humans are being exposed to more and more toxins and cancer rates are rising. That is why breast cancer stats have gone from 1 in 15 to 1 in every 8 women within a short period of time. (Depending on the source.)
2) Newborns do have strong immune systems though maybe not as experienced. Meaning they haven't developed immunity to some of the bacteria, etc, that we have. Exposure doesn't mean they have candida overgrowth. BTW, fungus can take a long time to establish itself in our bodies and I dont know what percentage of babies have cancer but I know an overwhelming amount of very young children do. And this is just my side note but if this theory has been suppressed, that is the biggest tragedy of all, our innocent children being put through these horrific treatments to cure their "cancer."
3) Again, I believe most babies are able to fight off thrush. However, if their immune systems are compromised, thrush could present a real issue. Not all fungal infections lead to cancer. They also cause a number of other ailments, from thrush to histoplasmosis-both of these recognized by the medical establishment- as well as a whole host of others not yet recognized.
The Salem Witch Trials are indeed a very interesting link and yet another way fungus can affect us.
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http://labmed.ucsf.edu/education/residency/fung_morph/fungal_site/yeastpage.html ...pictures of various fungi. The Cryptococcus Species looks so much like cancer. Like impositive said, there are a lot of different funguses. Not all yeast infections are deadly. I also read that there are about five stages of fungi. Thrust, and vaginal yeast are the earlier stage of candida. Our healthy immune system keeps the candida in check. This is why babies and most people do not get cancer. And when the fungi gets into our cells (as I read) it changes the host cell.
Cryptococcus Species: Direct Examination ... FUNGI
http://labmed.ucsf.edu/education/residency/fung_morph/fungal_site/yeastpage.html
* Cells spherical and irregular in size, ranging from 5-20μ in diameter
* Classically have thick polysaccharide capsule, however, poorly encapsulated strains are becoming more common
* One or more budding forms are attached by a narrow constriction
http://www.news.harvard.edu/gazette/1997/10.30/GeneticSecretso.html -
Wang and Groopman from the Environmental Health Sciences Department at Johns Hopkins, published a useful article on the effects of mold toxins on DNA published in Mutation Research -- a leading cancer journal. They said Aflatoxin Found In Human Breast Cancer Tissue//
Harrison et al. (1993) examined human breast cancer tissue for evidence of the presence of aflatoxin, a recognized potent carcinogenic mycotoxin. The researchers examined human DNA from a variety of tissues and organs to identify and quantify aflatoxin DNA-adducts. Such adducts are considered to be proof of the mycotoxin's presence in a particular tissue. (These researchers had already proved the value of this method in the detection of aflatoxin-DNA adducts in tissue from a case of acute aflatoxin poisoning in Southeast Asia.)
DNA from normal and tumorous tissue obtained from patients with cancer of the breast was examined. Tumor tissues had higher aflatoxin-adduct levels than did normal tissue from the same individual.
The result of this study is that it verifies the presence of carcinogenic aflatoxin within the cancer tissue and thus implicates aflatoxin as a cause of breast cancer
The conclusion of this study was that aflatoxin causes normal human breast cells to become cancerous. -
Barry, Wow, great study from John Hopkins!
It said: DNA from normal and tumorous tissue obtained from patients with cancer of the breast was examined. Tumor tissues had higher aflatoxin-adduct levels than did normal tissue from the same individual.
Why dont they take this further??? Where does the aflatoxin come from? They/we know that it's a fungal metabolite. Why is there more in the tumor than anywhere else? Could it be because that's where the fungi are and thier waste products are more concentrated there than anywhere else????
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I just read the Harvard Article on Candida (the link at the bottom of barry's post above).
This is a very well written article (Genetic Secrets of Killer Fungi) that was published in the Harvard Gazette in 1997, a little over 13 years ago!
This got me thinking....What if all the money used to research cancer over just the last 13 years was used to research drugs to fight fungus? I think we would be a lot closer to finding a cure for cancer.
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Barry, I looked at the link in the web site showing fungal infections. The one that you mentioned,Cryptococcus Species, shows the typical stain of the capsule, a polysaccharide common to fungi, chitin. This is one of the major differences between fungal and human cells.
I looked at those pictures and felt that a fungal infection is relatively easy to identify on microscopic slides, of course, given a good specimen. They are shaped differently, they may have hyphae, and they stain completely differently.
I cannot believe that given the thousands upon thousands of tumors examined microscopically, that pathologists, microbiologists, and research doctors have not been able to identify fungal growths as a common entity in cancers.
- 1. I still say because of biochemical differences , such as the presence of chitin, tumor cells are not fungal cells (I am sure there are more differences here if I pursued it.).
- 2. Because of differences in morphology, shape, tumor cells are not fungal cells.
- 3. Because of reproductive differences, even how mitosis operates within individual cells and the timing of mitosis, tumor cells are not fungal cells.
I repeat that a metabolic product of fungal cells may be carcinogenic, but that does not have to be in the same area of the body that they fungus grows, as the carcinogens could get into the blood stream.
I guess we will have to agree to disagree on this issue.
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Yes...but did you notice how similar it looks to cancer cells? As I understand...once the fungi enters the human host cell that it morphs (no longer characteristic of a typical fungus cell). Once the fungi is in the human cell I'm not sure if it would have it's own chitin cell wall...it would be a human cell gone wrong such as cancer cells do.
motheroffoursons, would you agree that afloxan (fungi) are found in cancer cells? Could that be the reason why the human DNA cell went awry? Once cancer cells are found do they look to see if it has chitin? Or are they looking only to see the gross, and grade?
I don't quite understand your third question. What I understand so far is both cancer and fungi operate or grow when the environment is suitable ... such as acidity. Fungi characteristics may differ in how they operate before mutating the host cell. Interesting to me is that both rely on fermenting and sugars for energy. There are several other similarities that make me to believe that fungi mutation within the human cell causes it to become cancerous. Other than that the varied kinds of fungi has different effects (ringworm, thrust, yeast, and etc). -
Barry, not sure what you mean by Afloxan, that is a medicine used to treat arthritis.
I think you are talking about aflatoxins. Aflatoxins are enzymes used by fungi to dissolve the substrate on which they grow. They are found primarilyin grain products and include peanut butter. I read somewhere that most peanut butter has trace amounts of aflatoxins.
The fungi that produce aflatoxins, aspergillus (sp?) are highly aerobic and would not normally be found in interior cancer cells. The fungi from this family cause diseases on the skin and in the respiratory system in individuals with compromised immune systems or increased exposure.
More important is our consumption of aflatoxins as the aflatoxins that we eat in grain producets, touch, breath, can cause cancer. This is along with the 500 some other carcinogenic substances.
I would think that everyone has some amount of aflatoxins in their body, by nature of eating. However, in most people the body is able tocontrol it.
As there are many carcinogenic substances, I would not expect to find aflatoxins in every case of cancer.
Chitin has a characteristic structure if identified under a strong microscope. It is called a thatched structure and is different than cellulose.
By the way, the fact that both cancer cells and fungal cells use sugar and ferment sugar, is not an evidence of relationship. This is called convergent evolution. Another example is that the chitin of the fungal capsules is the same structure as found in lobster shells. It does not imply a relationship, but a quirk of the evolutionary process.
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motheroffoursons, late last night posting, I was pretty brain dead, so that's my excuse for misspelling aflatoxins
It's good that you challenge the fungal theory. It encourages me to do a little more research into it. You obviously know more than I. Impositive also has done a lot more research on this subject. I'm here to learn. I hope you stay with the thread.
Good discussions happens when we graciously share our opinions and listen. We are entitled to share what we believe. No one is right 100% of the time. Science changes. Science makes mistakes as well as the drug companies and doctors who are sued for their mistakes.
I'm not too worried what comes up on the alternative threads because the women who actively come here are researchers. These women pretty much think for themselves. I believe the alternative threads is a safe place for bc women because those who push something that is really way out there will be challenged by their bc sisters and bullies will hopefully be reported.
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