how tumors remain dormant for years before metastasis occurs

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https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/12/2112...

Mount Sinai researchers have solved a major mystery in cancer research: How cancer cells remain dormant for years after they leave a tumor and travel to other parts of the body, before awakening to create metastatic cancer.

According to findings reported in Nature Cancer in December, the cells remain quiet by secreting a type of collagen, called type III collagen, in the environment around themselves, and only turn malignant once the level of collagen tapers off. The researchers found that by enriching the environment around the cells with this collagen, they could force the cells to remain in a dormant state and prevent tumor recurrence.

"Our findings have potential clinical implications and may lead to a novel biomarker to predict tumor recurrences, as well as a therapeutic intervention to reduce local and distant relapses," said senior author Jose Javier Bravo-Cordero, PhD, Associate Professor of Medicine (Hematology and Medical Oncology) at The Tisch Cancer Institute at Mount Sinai. "This intervention aimed at preventing the awakening of dormant cells has been suggested as a therapeutic strategy to prevent metastatic outgrowth.As the biology of tumor dormancy gets uncovered and new specific drugs are developed, a combination of dormancy-inducing treatments with therapies that specifically target dormant cells will ultimately prevent local recurrence and metastasis and pave the way to cancer remission."

Most cancer deaths are due to metastases, which can occur several years after a tumor is removed. Previous research has studied how dispersed tumor cells come out of dormancy; this new work showed how the cells remain dormant.

The study used high-resolution imaging techniques, including intravital two-photon microscopy, a technology that allows the visualization of dormant cells in their environment in real time in a living animal. This technology allowed the researchers to track dormant tumor cells in mouse models using breast and head and neck cancer cell lines. By using this technology, the researchers were able to visualize the changes in the architecture of the extracellular matrix as tumor cells became dormant and how it changed when these cells awoke.

In patient samples, the researchers showed that an abundance of the collagen could be used as a potential measurement to predict tumor recurrence and metastasis. In the mouse models, when scientists increased the amount of type III collagen around cancer cells that had left a tumor, cancer progression was interrupted and the disseminated cells were forced into a dormant state. Similar to wound treatment, in which collagen scaffolds have been proposed as a therapeutic alternative for complex skin wounds, this study suggest that by using strategies that aim to enrich the tumor microenvironment in type III collagen, metastasis may be prevented by activating tumor cell dormancy.

Comments

  • BevJen
    BevJen Member Posts: 2,523
    edited December 2021

    Wow. That is an amazing find. Now the question becomes when will they put this to actual use.

  • exbrnxgrl
    exbrnxgrl Member Posts: 12,424
    edited December 2021

    Good article! I think unlocking this piece of the metastatic puzzle is important.

    BevJen,

    This is very preliminary. There are a lot of words like may or could mentioned, so putting this to actual use is probably a ways off as they would still need to find out how to maintain that collagen like secretion around the cancer cells. Progress is never fast enough, I agree, but I have seen so much change in my ten years with mbc that I applaud even incremental progress.

  • wallycat
    wallycat Member Posts: 3,227
    edited December 2021

    Yeah, I wondered how quickly things will materialize for real-world, human application. I want to run out and buy collagen supplements but I don't think that is how it works...maybe glucosamine...?


  • exbrnxgrl
    exbrnxgrl Member Posts: 12,424
    edited December 2021

    I know I tend to think differently on these types of things than many here do but… this is very, very preliminary. They referenced “a type" of collagen. What type,type III was mentioned? Does oral ingestion of type III collagen survive it's trip through the digestive system to provide any benefits? Is taking collagen by any means, i.e. oral, IV, injection, etc., effective or protective of this collagen “shield"? Or, should researchers be looking at substances that protect this shield rather than simply supplementing collagen?

    I know many of us will try just about anything, if it seems benign enough, and that's understandable but although this research is important it is still very far from producing any kind of tx. Frustrating but reality. Right now, the ones who might benefit most are companies that make collagen supplements but bear in mind that there is nothing to indicate that collagen supplements provide your dormant bc cells any further protection from waking up.

    PS: I don’t mean to sound negative because I am happy about this finding as this opens the door to research on how to maintain the collagen shield but it says it tells us nothing about the effects of collagen supplements or when further research turns this finding into practical treatments.

  • wallycat
    wallycat Member Posts: 3,227
    edited December 2021
  • Waves2Stars
    Waves2Stars Member Posts: 158
    edited December 2021

    There have been studies showing the other collagen types grow tumors and help them metastasize. Because of that, I don’t think simple supplementation is going to do the trick. They could come up with targeted therapies with collagen type 3. It is exciting news, nonetheless

  • sunnidays
    sunnidays Member Posts: 124
    edited December 2021

    I think the science of it all is actually very interesting probably a bit odd.

  • exbrnxgrl
    exbrnxgrl Member Posts: 12,424
    edited December 2021

    The science is fascinating but at the same time illustrates how complex the whole bc mystery is. As heartening as this bit of unraveling the mystery is, I just hope that folks won’t interpret this as a reason to go out and start taking collagen supplements as that is not even remotely suggested by the article. Heck, I didn’t even know there were different types of collagen! Again, I totally understand why many of us will try anything we believe is harmless but the only ones truly benefiting from preliminary research such as this will be the makers of such supplements.

  • wallycat
    wallycat Member Posts: 3,227
    edited December 2021

    I was aware of the different collagens; I also read a peer reviewed article where "healthy" people who took glucosamine/chondroitin had longer lives--enough to have the researcher start taking it. Of course, that has its own issues with side effects....and those were healthy people....


  • wondering44
    wondering44 Member Posts: 204
    edited December 2021

    Hi wallycat,

    Thanks for posting. Interesting read and great study. I messaged my MO to discuss it at my next appointment on Thursday. I will post her comments on it.

    My PS said before in 11/2020 I was his first patient he had that had pretty much no collagen show up on scans prior to surgery. He said it was odd, lol. How great would it be if collagen could help to prevent metastatic cancer?!!!


  • exbrnxgrl
    exbrnxgrl Member Posts: 12,424
    edited December 2021

    Wondering44,

    I am curious about what you’ll be discussing with your mo. The article speaks to finding this collagen shield but that is all. It does not address how it currently might be used in treatment but as far as I can tell, the next step will be to figure out what can be done to preserve the collagen shield. Then, whatever substance or tx is found will have to go through trials. Additionally, the research has found that a specific type of collagen is responsible for this shield, so it’s not just collagen in general.

    I hate to be a downer but although this is a great find, it’s far from a practical application in bc patients. So, what will you be asking your mo about? Again, I apologize if I seem negative but we all need to understand how scientific/medical research works. Something has been discovered about what might prevent bc cells from waking up and metastasizing and that is wonderful but it will be a long road before it yields anything we can call treatment. I still celebrate these steps, even when they’re baby steps.

    PS: My main point in this discussion is that nothing in this article even suggests that oral collagen intake might be helpful. I simply hope that people don’t read this and conclude that taking collagen will protect them from mbc. Again, the only folks who wouldbenefit from that would be supplement manufacturers.

  • wondering44
    wondering44 Member Posts: 204
    edited December 2021

    exxbrnxgirl,

    I understand the research is very early, and if it were ever to be utilized, it would take a lot of time, research, and study on humans to see results. I asked my MO to read the research and give me her take on it as a MO and cancer researcher. My MO is the expert, and I value her opinion and recommendations before deciding on supplements or treatments. The study would not prevent me from treatments. However, if someday it is proven to help prevent cancer growth in people, I am happy to add the type III collagen supplement to my daily intake on top of the Zoladex and Letrozole. I start the Zoladex on Thursday and Letrozole next month. I did not mean in any way that after reading a study performed on mice that supplementing collagen for treatments was a great idea. I meant it would be great if something that simple would eventually help so many women one day and that I'd like to talk about it to a cancer research expert that I know and trust.

    I have followed recommended treatments while adding doctor-approved supplements. I figure if I choose to do the medically recommended treatments, it can't hurt to include natural supplements, too, as long as my MO does not have research that the supplements would negatively affect the medical treatments or oppose the supplements.

    You didn't down any parade with your comments. They a valid and make very good points.

  • exbrnxgrl
    exbrnxgrl Member Posts: 12,424
    edited December 2021

    wondering,

    Thanks for understanding! Over the course of my decade on bco, I have seen more than a few members jump on very preliminary evidence, like mouse studies or even in vitro studies, and start doing/taking things based on some very early research.

    I hope with all my heart that this pans out and a tax can be developed as a result. Progress has been slow but from my long view (for someone with mbc) there has been progress

  • LillyIsHere
    LillyIsHere Member Posts: 830
    edited December 2021

    Over 2 years ago when I was diagnosed with BC, my MO told me the same, that cancer cells can stay dormant for years in the body and that's why MO recommends AI for us who are ER+, for cells to be without their fuel to multiply. Sounds good as a theory but works less than 40% of the time. Probably collagen is a new theory/research and new pills will come up if Pharma would be interested. Reading and seeing how many sisters are suffering and losing the battle is so sad at this century.

  • wondering44
    wondering44 Member Posts: 204
    edited December 2021

    Met with my MO today.

    She said there are a lot of valid studies about the dormant cancer cells in the body. She said while the studies are great they are still in Pitre dishes and not in humans. Basically, what can be manipulated in a Pitre dish must be proven to happen in humans.

    She said collagen is great for antiaging, lol

  • wallycat
    wallycat Member Posts: 3,227
    edited December 2021

    So she doesn't think supplements can cause recurrence?? That's interesting. Of course, so many conflicting theories. Less is more in some cases. I'll wait.

  • exbrnxgrl
    exbrnxgrl Member Posts: 12,424
    edited December 2021

    wondering44,

    Yes, in vitro (Petri dish) studies are very preliminary. An important step but one that is still far from human application.

  • wondering44
    wondering44 Member Posts: 204
    edited December 2021

    Wallycat,

    My MO said she does not have any concerns about me adding collagen supplements to my daily intake. Especially if it will save me $ and pain from Botox.

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