common and relatively safe drugs reduce breast cancer mortality

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I was looking for info about propranolol and found this article which I want to post;

http://breast-cancer-research.com/content/14/6/216

Many medications have been developed for one
purpose but then are found to have other clinical activities. There is
tremendous interest in whether non-cancer medications may potentially have
effects on breast cancer survival. In this review article, we have presented and
evaluated the evidence for several commonly used over-the-counter and
prescription medications - including aspirin (and other non-steroidal
anti-inflammatory drugs), beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme
inhibitors, statins, digoxin, and metformin - that have been evaluated among
breast cancer survivors in prospective studies. Substantial scientific evidence
supports the hypothesis that some of these common and relatively safe drugs may
reduce breast cancer mortality among those with the disease by an amount that
rivals the mortality reduction gained by currently used therapies
. In
particular, the evidence is strongest for aspirin (approximately 50% reduction),
statins (approximately 25% reduction), and metformin (approximately 50%
reduction). As these drugs are generic and inexpensive, there is little
incentive for the pharmaceutical industry to fund the randomized trials that
would show their effectiveness definitively
. We advocate that confirmation of
these findings in randomized trials be considered a high research priority, as
the potential impact on human lives saved could be immense.


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Comments

  • gale1525
    gale1525 Member Posts: 232
    edited February 2015

    Just before I went on this site I was researching aspirin beneifts for breast cancer there has been some reseach as for back as the seventy's. I plan to ask my MO the next time I see her and may try it anyway. I am sure the pharmaceutiucal's would never want this to be true and they would lose billions. The genertic drug I take is still $450.00 cash price.

  • Pessa
    Pessa Member Posts: 519
    edited February 2015

    I have been taking daily aspirin for man years (still am). While taking it I developed both breast cancer and lung cancer..........

  • MelissaDallas
    MelissaDallas Member Posts: 7,268
    edited February 2015

    Actually, there have been numerous studies & trials on metformin & aspirin.

  • new_direction
    new_direction Member Posts: 449
    edited February 2015

    we are not talking about cure here - but something that might work better than "standard" treatments. People "develop" cancer on chemo most of the time...

    These things are cheap and easy to do and when changes in treatment take so long it is somthing that is worth considering.

  • vlnrph
    vlnrph Member Posts: 1,632
    edited February 2015

    Aspirin/NSAIDs and statins also have anti-inflammatory properties that may inhibit the ability of mutant cells to gain a foothold by creating an 'unfriendly' environment. Prevention is certainly less expensive than treatment! We must devote funds to research (not just "awareness" campaigns). This paper looks a number of studies in terms of recurrence and survival. From the conclusion:

    We estimate that, if aspirin is effective, using it to treat all patients with breast cancer in the US could potentially save 10,000 lives per year. In addition, if one considers the possible benefit in the developing world of an inexpensive, widely available medicine, the impact is truly staggering; an estimated 75,000 lives would potentially be saved each year.

    In an era in which we struggle to contain health-care costs, the extra costs for patients with breast cancer in the US would be minimal. For developing countries, it could mean the difference between some adjuvant treatment and none. Whereas new cancer treatments typically benefit only patients in wealthy countries because of the costs, these drugs would be a breast cancer treatment available to every part of the world. The results of these trials could be truly transformative and change the treatment of breast cancer across the globe with what millions of people already have in their medicine cabinet.

    Given the overwhelming weight of the biologic and observational data, randomized trials are the definitive way to assess the risk-benefit balance for breast cancer survivors. One such trial is under way for metformin. A similar trial for aspirin is definitely warranted, and possibly one for statins. We estimate that a trial of aspirin would require approximately 3,000 women with stage II or III breast cancer randomly assigned 1:1 and followed for 5 years and cost approximately $15 million USD. However, because these drugs are generic and widely available, there is little industry incentive to support such studies. We propose that the cost is small given the potential benefit. Who will fill this need?

  • new_direction
    new_direction Member Posts: 449
    edited February 2015

    5 years are so long when someone is waiting.

  • leggo
    leggo Member Posts: 3,293
    edited February 2015

    Agreed. 5 years is a lifetime in some cases. On the plus side, some family physicians will prescribe them. Thank gawd for those doctors.

  • JohnSmith
    JohnSmith Member Posts: 651
    edited February 2015

    Just curious...

    Who here is taking aspirin every day?

  • AmyQ
    AmyQ Member Posts: 2,182
    edited February 2015

    JohnSmith I take 81 mg of aspirin daily but started more for heart prevention rather than cancer benefits but heck, a twofer is even better.

    Amy

  • mike3121
    mike3121 Member Posts: 410
    edited February 2015

    My wife has Triple negative Metaplastic breast cancer and ER+ breast cancer. She's currently undergoing AC then radiation. A bunch of lymph nodes removed when the breast was removed. 9 of 19 nodes had Metaplastic cancer. Got them all out but some must have spilled out as her under arm lit up on the last PET scan. Three days after her first AC she felt intense sharp pain in her arm pit where the cancer is. Maybe that from when it was being killed; crossed fingers.

    A related subject:

    http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/health/news/9134240/Anti-cancer-super-aspirin-under-development.html

  • mary625
    mary625 Member Posts: 1,056
    edited February 2015

    I take all 3 mentioned in the article--aspirin, statin and Metformin. The Metformin study was suggested for me, but I decided to get it myself to avoid placebo. My primary onc suggested "if your primary care sees fit..." get on simvastatin. The onc I go to for tumor markers etc. said to get on aspirin

  • leggo
    leggo Member Posts: 3,293
    edited February 2015

    I didn't read the links (mostly because I didn't want to read anymore about it since making up my mind), so I'm not sure any of the research mentions progesterone positive cancer. That is the type of bc I think statins are beneficial for. I'll try and go through my papers and find the research, but I do remember reading progesterone is synthesized from cholesterol. I'm sure it was more complicated, but I just cant remember all the details at the moment. I do remember deciding though, that since I'm pr+, a statin would be beneficial and if I had not been, there wouldn't be a reason to take it.

  • leggo
    leggo Member Posts: 3,293
    edited February 2015

    There was a certain percentage too, of pr+ present in the pathology for the benefits to outweigh the risks. Don't quote me on this, but I think it was 25%. I can't remember for sure, so I'd check it out before swallowing the pill. As we know, statins come with their own long list of side-effects.

    Just cracked myself up.... All I thought of was "The Matrix". If you take the blue pill..... If you take the red pill".

  • Denise-G
    Denise-G Member Posts: 1,777
    edited February 2015

    I take all 3 as well - statin, aspirin and Metformin.  I was Stage 3 Her2 positive and had to quit Herceptin after 3 months because of a heart attack from AC chemo and valve damage from Herceptin (never had any heart issues prior).  I had a huge tumor, lots of lymph nodes and I needed to try anything and everything in my book.  My Onc was all for it.  I talked my general practitioner into giving me Metformin after showing her the studies.   I've not had any problems with it.

    I was already under a Cardiologist's care because of heart issues during chemo/Herceptin.  So the aspirin and statin were easy.  I told my Onc, I'm not sure if they work, but for me, there is definitely a placebo effect. 

    One of the reasons I begged my GP to put me on Metformin, was the info in the attached article.  I had personal contact with this gentleman through a physician friend:

    http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/health-news/cancer-drugs-trial-for-when-standard-treatment-is-not-viable-shows-incredible-signs-of-success-9804279.html


     

  • new_direction
    new_direction Member Posts: 449
    edited February 2015

    I don't know anything about metformin and breast cancer. Just found this about hyperthermia and metformin;
    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24505341

    'Furthermore, hyperthermia potentiated the effect of metformin to activate AMPK and inactivate mTOR and S6K. Cell proliferation was markedly suppressed by metformin or combination of metformin and hyperthermia, which could be attributed to activation of AMPK leading to inactivation of mTOR. It is conclude that the effects of metformin against cancer cells including CSCs can be markedly enhanced by hyperthermia.'

  • new_direction
    new_direction Member Posts: 449
    edited February 2015

    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3500359/
    The Role of Cancer Stem Cells in Breast Cancer Initiation and Progression: Potential Cancer Stem Cell-Directed Therapies

    'Preclinical data suggest that current breast cancer treatment strategies lead to CSC enrichment'

    'The presence of CSCs may contribute to the development of therapeutic resistance and relapse in breast cancer. Current therapeutic agents are directed against rapidly proliferating cells rather than cells that divide infrequently, such as CSCs, thus failing to address the tumor initiating and renewing compartment [8]. Consequently, it could be argued that if CSCs have different sensitivity to therapy than the majority of cancer cells, treatment will not succeed in complete cancer eradication because the shrinkage of the tumor reflects the effect on the differentiated non-CSC cell component'

    'When a CSC undergoes an asymmetrical division, it generates one daughter cell that is an exact copy of the original CSC and is able to initiate tumors, and another daughter cell that has limited self-renewing potential but high proliferation rate. Consequently, tumors contain a cellular subcomponent that retains key stem cell properties and a large amount of rapidly dividing cells that form the bulk of the tumor '

    'HER2/neu amplification, which is found in 15%–20% of human breast cancers, results in more frequent and symmetric self-renewing divisions of CSCs, contributing to increasing numbers of CSCs in tumoral tissues'

    'Similarly, loss of the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) gene, a defect found in approximately 40% of breast cancer cases, has been reported to increase the number of CSCs '

    'Among drugs tested to date, metformin and salinomycin electively inhibit CSCs and have shown important anti-CSC activity.'

    ' several targeted therapies show synergistic interaction with chemotherapy agents, molecular targeted therapies, or radiation [79, 85, 90, 92, 94], raising the possibility of combined efficacy of these different treatment agents.'

    Too bad I hadn't read this while I was in treatment...

  • labelle
    labelle Member Posts: 721
    edited February 2015

    I started taking low dose aspirin after being diagnosed w BC and reading some of these studies. My OC recently wrote me a script for Tamoxifen and told me to take a regular coated aspirin with it every day-not sure if she believes it will help prevent BC recurrence or if she recommends it to cut the risk of blood clots associated with Tamoxifen. While I haven't yet filled my Tamox script, I'm on board w the aspirin.

  • peacestrength
    peacestrength Member Posts: 690
    edited April 2015

    I take asprin, metformin and have a prescription for a statin but still deciding on it.

    If a breast tumor is cox-1 positive, asprin can help block that pathway.

    If a breast tumor has PIK3 gene mutation, asprin can help with this.

    If a breast tumor is IGF-1 positive, Metformin can help block that pathway.

    Leggo, I'm interested in what you said about statins and being progesterone positive. Do you have an article on this that you can provide?

  • Anonymous
    Anonymous Member Posts: 1,376
    edited February 2015


    JohnSmith, I am taking low does ASA.  Peacest...... great info.

  • leggo
    leggo Member Posts: 3,293
    edited February 2015

    peacestrength, here's one of the articles I read that made me think getting rid of/converting my progesterone with a statin was a good idea. I can't find the other one about progesterone levels making a difference. I'll have to search Google some more to see if I can find it.

    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC403890...!po=9.45946

    While I was searching though, I came across several articles that said statins were mostly effective on er/pr- cells, so I guess I'm back to square one and confused again. Also in a serious quandry because I honestly think the statin has played a hand in keeping me stable. What to do?.....ugh.


  • new_direction
    new_direction Member Posts: 449
    edited February 2015

    I have been kind of shocked about the evidence that conventional treatment does not work on cancer stem cells and that the presence of CSC will lead to further progression. It seems to take years and decades to get approved for - how come with this knowlegde can this treatment still be accepted?

  • cp418
    cp418 Member Posts: 7,079
    edited February 2015

    leggo - the articles you mention about er/pr- is what confused me too.....

  • leggo
    leggo Member Posts: 3,293
    edited February 2015

    After all this reading, I have noticed that most of these studies are done only with er/pr- cells and done in 2003-2008. The ones using both seem to be more recent. The most curious one I came across though, was this one that, if I'm reading it right, indicates that statins plus estrogen enhances the benefits of treatment with a statin.

    http://journals.lww.com/menopausejournal/Abstract/...

    Also, this one would suggest taking a statin with er/pr + is also beneficial.

    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18463402

    Combining the stats of both articles seems to suggest it would be beneficial for both. The problem is they're both so old, but everything current is even more ambiguous. The search continues..... But for right now, I'm going with my doc's recommendation that it doesn't matter what kind of cancer, breast positive, negative, prostate, pancreatic. I'm hoping he's smart enough to know this stuff before he prescribes it, given the side effects. Sounds to good to be true, but WTH, I don't have anything to lose.

  • leggo
    leggo Member Posts: 3,293
    edited February 2015

    Also, the most recent articles suggest that the statins are slightly more effective for breast and prostate when combined with Metformin. At least the Metformin is generally benign. One good thing, I guess.

  • Hopeful82014
    Hopeful82014 Member Posts: 3,480
    edited February 2015

    New Direction, that was my reaction, too. I'm really curious as to why there isn't a huge conversation about this is the bc community, researchers included. It sort of makes me feel as though all the current treatments are bandaids, to one degree of effectiveness or another, but don't get to the root of the problem.

    Leggo, thanks for all those links. I really appreciate your work and inquisitiveness.

  • ceanna
    ceanna Member Posts: 5,270
    edited February 2015

    I too was on 2 baby aspirin per day for years before developing early stage breast cancer.  I am interested in the future results of the Metformin study and have read through that thread on the boards. 

  • leggo
    leggo Member Posts: 3,293
    edited February 2015

    Hopeful, no problem.....your welcome....we all want to stay alive as much as the next guy. New, I totally missed your post the first time around. Very good question, but anybody that knows me knows I'm firmly planted in my answer. Call me a conspiracy theorist.... won't hurt my feelers. So many drugs/biological methods are being under-utilized. Bribe money/clinical trial manipulation goes a long way. I noticed recently someone, cp I think, posted an article about dirty clinical trials. No one batted an eye. If that's the attitude, researchers are never going to make strides that influence a treatment that puts our current poisons (treatments) in a bad light. Can you imagine the repercussions?

  • cp418
    cp418 Member Posts: 7,079
    edited February 2015

    leggo - I sadly agree. After reading 'Emperor of All Maladies' - the politics and control of the tobacco industry, lack of support by ACS that smoking was a health hazard - frankly it disgusted me but I was not surprised either.

  • Hopeful82014
    Hopeful82014 Member Posts: 3,480
    edited February 2015

    cp418 - In case you're not aware, Ken Burns has made a documentary of the "Emperor" that starts in late March. As I've commented elsewhere, I'm not sure I am ready to view it (I read it years before dx) but will probably get from the library later.

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